Regression analysis showed no trend across age groups (r 2 = 0.003, p > 0.05).

The trend across age groups was investigated using simple regression analysis with age as the dependent variable. The ratios between elite and age group runners were investigated using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison post-hoc tests. The ratios between the age cohorts were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. which may have impacted the final relative to the first segment across years. These ratios were combined across years with the assumption that there were no ‘extreme’ wind events etc. For each year, the ratio of the running speed from the final to the first segment for each age cohort was determined.

relative to segment 1 of the race corrected for gradient) was analysed as a proxy for pacing in elite and age group finishers. elite and age group runners) competing between 20 in the ‘100 km Lauf Biel’ were identified. This study investigated changes in normalised running speed as a proxy for effort distribution over segments in male elite and age group 100 km ultra-marathoners with the assumption that older runners would slow down more than younger runners.

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